These affinity groups can even overlap and be organized by department and title: a marketing vice President could belong to the executive VLAN, the marketing VLAN and the sales VLAN, for instance.

这些同类组甚至可以重叠，可以按部门和头衔来组织：例如管市场的副总裁可以属于主管VLAN，也可属于市场VLAN和销售VLAN。

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But incentives for innovation abound in a swathe of areas: product design and manufacture, distribution, retailing, marketing, finance, systems, wholesaling, affinity, marketing communications, technology, (have we missed anything?).

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Simon Wardle, senior vice president of insights and strategy at sports marketing firm Octagon Worldwide, argues that fan affinity toward an athlete can and should prove just as important as medal standings, particularly at the Olympic games.

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At heart, marketing is about making emotional connections and developing an affinity between a person and a company.

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